Pleiades is with this action a multi-mission concept and a partnership program. Figure 27: Exploded view of the HiRI camera (image credit: TAS, CNES). - The 4 ELISA satellites (secondary payloads) were released at ~ 700 km, 59 minutes after lift-off. The POLO data set (Pleiades Orbital Lunar Observations) was born: over 1000 images of the Moons acquired over 6 months for viewing angles varying from -115º to +115º (0º corresponding to the full Moon, 180º, to the new Moon). On Jan. 29, 2001, an intergovernmental agreement (memorandum of understanding) was signed during the Turin meeting between the heads of government of Italy (Guiliano Amato) and France (Lionel Jospin). One myth recounts that The solar array size is minimized by using high-efficiency triple-junction cells. The data are coded following a trellis-coding scheme in 8-PSK-type modulators that include their own SSPA (Solid State Power Amplifiers). The modular SEDHI concept is implemented on a single board and provides all electronic functions associated to 1 or 2 detectors, from video signal pre-amplification to the digitization of video frame - including various functions such as video signal processing, detector low noise power supply and polarization generation, detector and video processing chain sequencer, detector clock drivers, synchronization interface, command and control interfaces. All the other instruments have their own 1553 interface and directly interface with the OBMU. Figure 33: Architecture of the Pleiades ground segment (image credit: CNES). The Pleiades project has also regularly acquired imagery of stars since the launch. They follow the exact same path as SPOT-6 and 7. An additional plane mirror (MR) is used to enhance the instrument compactness. The earlier memorandum of understanding was followed by a Memorandum of Agreement (MoA), for the ORFEO system definition step, between the French space agency (CNES) and the Italian space agency (ASI). RF communications: An X-band downlink provides a nominal payload transmission rate of 465 Mbit/s in 3 channels, each of 155 Mbit/s capacity. Figure 1: the Pleiades-HR satellite The major constraints of weight and agility led to the Several key issues such as response to crisis, urban planning, human pressure on coastlines, watershed cartography, forest management are thoroughly studied. A constellation of 4 ELINT (Electronic Intelligence) spacecraft of CNES/DGA, France. In addition to images of well-characterized landscapes that have been used for years and continuously improved thanks to previous satellites commissioning, the Pleiades project has been taken many images of the Moon since the launch. Table 4: Geo-Information Services of Astrium 48), HiRI of CNES with Thales Alenia Space (TAS-F) as the prime contractor for this instrument (formerly Alcatel Alenia Space). The receiver can be cold started in any satellite orientation in less than 1 orbit, which eases the satellite operations. - In return for financing 90% of the Pleiades program, the French government has reserved access to specific percentages of Pleiades’ output of 900 images per day once both satellites are in their 694 km orbit, spaced 180º apart. (image credit: CNES), Figure 14: Three pictures on the Mecca ”tower clock” acquired by Pléiades 1B every 90 s in a single pass to see the minutes needle moving ! The project team can manage the resource sharing during the commissioning phase but the system unavailability during the operational mission must be strictly minimized. Pleiades is a multi applications, multi sensor and multi partnership program. The information compiled and edited in this article was provided by Herbert J. Kramer from his documentation of: ”Observation of the Earth and Its Environment: Survey of Missions and Sensors” (Springer Verlag) as well as many other sources after the publication of the 4th edition in 2002. Posted by North Africa Post North Africa Post's news desk is composed of journalists and editors, who are constantly working to provide new and accurate stories to NAP readers. Pleiades Satellite Applications and Case Studies. It also provides the onboard time and the PPS (Pulse Per Second) count needed to synchronize the system. Hence, the mass of the new generation Pleiades spacecraft is only 1/3 that of its predecessor SPOT-5 with a mass of 3000 kg. The shutter is placed behind the primary mirror to protect only the tertiary mirror and the detection cavity. 37), Figure 18: Astrium GEO-Information Services is operating the Pleiades constellation and the SPOT-6&7 constellation (image credit: Astrium), Figure 19: The Pleiades and SPOT-6/-7 Pleiades satellite constellation configuration (image credit: Astrium GEO-Information Services). The instrument architecture chosen is organized around a central plane structure supporting the primary mirror, the tertiary mirror, the plane mirror (MR), and a central cylinder that supports the secondary mirror. An in-depth work of user needs assessments in eight domains (sea and coastline, risks and humanitarian aid, cartography and urban planning, geophysical hazards, hydrology, forestry, agriculture and defense) has given rise to a large number of feasibility studies from 2006 to 2011. Built by AIRBUS Defence & Space, the satellite was launched from a Soyuz launcher at the European Space Centre in French Guiana. The Pléiades 1s were the first satellites in Airbus Defense and Space Constellation capable of collecting 1 million square km of high-resolution imagery per day, per satellite. 35) 36), Astrium Geo-Information Services is the civil operator of the Pleiades constellation (Pleiades-1A and -1B) as well as the operator of the SPOT-6 and SPOT-7 constellation. A dedicated supporting truss structure ensures the instrument interface with respect to the bus. ), the modularity, the compatibility - for a large number of missions. MS bands: Five detector line arrays, each of 1,500 elements (7,500 pixels in cross-track), are utilized for the four MS bands (line arrays). Summarized by: radiometric performance optimization at lowest costs an image is obtained that all. The SPOT instrument series sensors, these satellites collect both panchromatic and RGB & multispectral! 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