The recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Western Hemisphere has prompted accelerated research and discovery in this area. The transmission of Zika virus is through the bite of Aedes spp. Miner and Diamond review some of the key recent advances in our understanding of ZIKV pathogenesis, tissue tropism, and the resulting pathology and discuss areas for future investigation. The virus has emerged in recent years and spread in the Pacific Area and the Americas, where it has caused large human outbreaks. Pathogenesis of Zika Virus. Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the Flavivirus genus; like other flaviviruses, Zika virus is an icosahedral, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus. If you are traveling outside of the continental United States, see Zika Travel Information to learn about your destination.. Main Text Introduction. The ongoing Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic and unexpected clinical outcomes, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and birth defects, has brought an urgent need for animal models. Although Zika virus (ZIKV) was isolated approximately 70 years ago, few experimental studies had been published prior to 2016. Zika virus is a member of the Flaviviridae family, the incubation period ranges between 3-12 days. In 2018 and 2019, no local mosquito-borne Zika virus transmission has been reported in the continental United States. Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus discovered in Uganda in 1947. Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging virus that has recently spread into dengue virus (DENV) endemic regions and cross-reactive antibodies (Abs) could potentially affect ZIKV pathogenesis. Zika Virus Pathogenesis and Tissue Tropism. Symptoms last for 4-7 days. The recent spread of ZIKV to countries in the Western Hemisphere is associated with reports of microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. This was the first resolution of the virus published in Science on March 31 st, 2016 by Sirohi et al. Reasons for this change in Zika virus behavior and pathogenesis could be due to a change in the virulence of the virus, and a new ability to infect the human host. Mouse models of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, which recapitulate certain aspects of ZIKV infection in humans, have demonstrated their utility for studying ZIKV pathogenesis and for the initial screening of antivirals, experimental therapeutics, and candidate vaccines for … Prevent mosquito bites when traveling:. ... Padova, Italy. We evaluated infection and pathogenesis with contemporary and historical ZIKV strains in immunocompetent mice and mice lacking components of the antiviral response. []In most cases, Zika virus infection causes a mild, self-limited illness. Zika virus: from pathogenesis to disease control. While Zika virus was identified in Africa in the 1940s and was noted to be present in Asia, it was not until 2007 that there was a significant shift in the behavior of the virus. Abstract. Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted Flavivirus in the Flaviviridae family of positive-stranded RNA viruses and is closely related to several other pathogens that cause disease globally, including Dengue (DENV), yellow fever (YFV), West Nile (WNV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV), and tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV) viruses (Pierson and Diamond, 2013). Figure 2, Cryo-electron micrograph of the Zika virus. [] The lipid envelope is covered with dense projections that consist of a membrane and envelope glycoproteins. The global emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) revealed the unprecedented ability for a mosquito-borne virus to cause congenital birth defects. 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